add cobbler raspberry

This commit is contained in:
veypi 2020-07-14 05:28:18 +08:00
parent 61387ce0b2
commit db7b3a2889
3 changed files with 517 additions and 14 deletions

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@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ class SomeClass:
###脚注 ###脚注
生成一个脚注[^footnote]. 生成一个脚注[^footnote].
[^footnote]: 这里是 **脚注***内容*. [^footnote]: 这里是 **脚注***内容*.
### 目录 ### 目录
`[TOC]`来生成目录: `[TOC]`来生成目录:
@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ cond(no)->op
--------- ---------
[1]: http://math.stackexchange.com/ [1]: http://math.stackexchange.com/
[2]: https://github.com/jmcmanus/pagedown-extra "Pagedown Extra" [2]: https://github.com/jmcmanus/pagedown-extra "Pagedown Extra"
[3]: http://meta.math.stackexchange.com/questions/5020/mathjax-basic-tutorial-and-quick-reference [3]: http://meta.math.stackexchange.com/questions/5020/mathjax-basic-tutorial-and-quick-reference
[4]: http://bramp.github.io/js-sequence-diagrams/ [4]: http://bramp.github.io/js-sequence-diagrams/

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# 树莓派 配置 cobbler
[TOC]
## 安装
本来Google的方案需要从源码安装但是尝试了下apt 发现有现成的包,~~所以简单太多了~~ 版本太老,有额外的问题要处理.
```bash
sudo apt install cobbler cobbler-web
# 安装过程中会让输密码
# 该包是2.6.6版本 有点老现在来说有好几个bug
# cobbler-web 有bug 不兼容新的
sudo pip install Django==1.8.9
```
![image-20200712010915940](https://public.veypi.com/img/screenshot/20200712010915.png)
```bash
# 结果输出
Setting up liblwp-protocol-https-perl (6.07-2) ...
Setting up debmirror (1:2.32) ...
Setting up cobbler (2.6.6+dfsg1-13) ...
Considering dependency proxy for proxy_http:
Enabling module proxy.
Enabling module proxy_http.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
systemctl restart apache2
Module wsgi already enabled
Enabling module rewrite.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
systemctl restart apache2
ERROR: Module python does not exist!
Enabling site cobbler.
To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
systemctl reload apache2
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobbler.service → /lib/systemd/system/cobbler.service.
# 在重启前需要配置cobbler
```
## 配置
```bash
# 配置文件 /etc/cobbler/settings
# 自动化部署系统的密码的哈希, 用下行命令生成
# openssl passwd -1
# $1$j9.kasLF$4v5dJWXMDUmxYTXO9qPiG.
# 密文第一项 1 指hash方式 第二项 j9.kasLF 指的salt这样子用以系统判断密码是否正确但是又不存储密码密码和salt都相同时才能计算出唯一的密文
default_password_crypted: "$1$j9.kasLF$4v5dJWXMDUmxYTXO9qPiG."
# 设置cobbler的ip 不要设置0.0.0.0设置一个不隔离广播域的内网ip
server: 192.168.1.2
# 设置的tftp ip用于下载镜像通常与上一个一样
next_server: 192.168.1.2
# 是否开启DHCP0不开启 1开启
# 为了启动 pxe 需要开启dhcp分发地址 并引导系统 到tftp server下载网络启动文件
manage_dhcp: 1
```
```bash
# 配置DHCP /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
# 不要修改 next-server 项,该配置会自动从上面拉取变量
# 不要修改 #for dhcp_tag in $dhcp_tags.keys(): 这一行之后的内容
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.1.1;
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
filename "/pxelinux.0";
default-lease-time 2.8.0;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
}
```
cobbler 会将 镜像存储到 /var/lib/cobbler/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/下, 注意容量和权限
```bash
sudo systemctl enable cobbler
sudo systemctl start cobbler
# 检测 会提示一些操作, 根据需要去做
sudo cobbler check
sudo cobbler sync
# 会发现该指令报错 缺pxelinux.0等一批loaders
```
Raspberry 安装syslinux
```bash
scp CentOS-8.2.2004-x86_64-dvd1.iso pi@x.x.x.x:/home/pi/
ssh pi@x.x.x.x
sudo mount -o loop ~/CentOS-8.2.2004-x86_64-dvd1.iso /media/
sudo cp /media/BaseOS/Packages/syslinux-nonlinux-6.04-4.el8.noarch.rpm /tmp
sudo apt install rpm2cpio
sudo rpm2cpio /tmp/syslinux-nonlinux-6.04-4.el8.noarch.rpm | cpio -idmv
sudo cp /tmp/usr/share/syslinux/* /usr/lib/syslinux/
sudo umount /media
# 现在正常
sudo cobbler sync
```
## 导入镜像
```bash
# http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos 下载镜像, 下载minimal版方便测试
sudo mkdir /mnt/centos_mini
sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop,ro ~/CentOS-8.2.2004-x86_64-dvd1.iso /mnt
sudo cobbler import --name=centos8-mini --arch=x86_64 --path=/mnt/centos_mini
# 出现这个问题
task started: 2020-07-12_041754_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Jul 12 04:17:54 2020)
No signature matched in /var/lib/cobbler/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos8-x86_64
!!! TASK FAILED !!!
# 使用该指令之后再导入一次
sudo cobbler signature update
sudo cobbler import --name=centos8 --arch=x86_64 --path=/mnt
# 出现这个问题
Exception occured: <type 'exceptions.KeyError'>
Exception value: 'default_kickstart'
Exception Info:
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 87, in run
rc = self._run(self)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 231, in runner
self.logger
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/api.py", line 938, in import_tree
return import_module.run(path,mirror_name,network_root,kickstart_file,arch,breed,os_version)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py", line 132, in run
self.signature = self.scan_signatures()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py", line 192, in scan_signatures
self.kickstart_file = sigdata["breeds"][breed][version]["default_kickstart"]
# 找到 distro_signatures 文件, 替换 default_autoinstall 为 default_kickstart
sudo vim /var/lib/cobbler/distro_signatures.json
:%s/default_autoinstall/default_kickstart/
sudo cobbler import --name=centos8-mini --arch=x86_64 --path=/mnt/centos_mini
## 出现错误
creating new profile: cobbler-centos8-x86_64
Exception occured: <class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>
Exception value: 'kickstart not found: None'
Exception Info:
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 87, in run
rc = self._run(self)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 231, in runner
self.logger
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/api.py", line 938, in import_tree
return import_module.run(path,mirror_name,network_root,kickstart_file,arch,breed,os_version)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py", line 140, in run
os.path.walk(self.path, self.distro_adder, distros_added)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/posixpath.py", line 239, in walk
walk(name, func, arg)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/posixpath.py", line 239, in walk
walk(name, func, arg)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/posixpath.py", line 231, in walk
func(arg, top, names)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py", line 255, in distro_adder
adtls.append(self.add_entry(dirname,kernel,initrd))
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py", line 349, in add_entry
profile.set_kickstart(self.kickstart_file)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/item_profile.py", line 211, in set_kickstart
raise CX(_("kickstart not found: %s") % kickstart)
!!! TASK FAILED !!!
# 尝试查询distro 发现centos已经导入但是没有profile
sudo cobbler distro list
# 返回
# cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
sudo cobbler profile list
# 没有返回任何profile中间出现了错误 导入distro成功但配置profile失败
# 手动删除 distro
sudo cobbler distro remove --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
# 现在我们检查到底出什么错
sudo vim /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/item_profile.py
# 211行 如下图所示 修改,打印出到底是什么
# 重新导入 输出为
creating new profile: cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
Exception occured: <class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>
Exception value: 'kickstart not found: sample.ks'
Exception Info:
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 87, in run
rc = self._run(self)
.......
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/item_profile.py", line 212, in set_kickstart
raise CX(_("kickstart not found: %s") % temp)
!!! TASK FAILED !!!
# 看来是sample.ks 未找到
# find_kickstart() 函数为
def find_kickstart(url):
"""
Check if a kickstart url looks like an http, ftp, nfs or local path.
If a local path is used, cobbler will copy the kickstart and serve
it over http.
Return None if the url format does not look valid.
"""
if url is None:
return None
x = url.lstrip()
for y in ["http://", "nfs://", "ftp://", "/"]:
# make sure we get a lower-case protocol without
# affecting the rest of the string
x = re.sub(r"(?i)%s" % y, y, x, count=1)
if x.startswith(y):
if x.startswith("/") and not os.path.isfile(x):
return None
return x
return None
# 明显输入为'sample.ks'时输出为None 推测是未给url加绝对路径文件在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks
# /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py: 192 直接读取并没有添加,所以需要我们自己手动添加
sudo vim /var/lib/cobbler/distro_signatures.json
:%s/sample.ks/\/var\/lib\/cobbler\/kickstarts\/sample.ks/
# 重新导入, 一次成功
sudo cobbler import --name=centos8-mini --arch=x86_64 --path=/mnt/centos_mini
# 输出
➜ test sudo cobbler distro list
cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
➜ test sudo cobbler profile list
cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
➜ test sudo cobbler distro report --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
Name : cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
Architecture : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Breed : redhat
Comment :
Fetchable Files : {}
Initrd : /var/lib/cobbler/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos8-mini-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel : /var/lib/cobbler/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos8-mini-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64'}
Management Classes : []
OS Version : rhel8
Owners : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
➜ test sudo cobbler profile report --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
Name : cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : virbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
```
![image-20200714013540086](https://public.veypi.com/img/screenshot/20200714013540.png)
修改centos用的kickstart文件
```bash
cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
sudo cp sample.ks centos8.ks
sudo cobbler profile edit --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos8.ks
# 验证
sudo cobbler profile report --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64 | grep kickstart
# 同步
sudo cobbler sync
```
## Centos8.ks
```bash
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#os=centos8
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use text mode install
text
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# System timezone
timezone Asia/ShangHai
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Use network installation
url --url=$tree
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# System bootloader configuration
# bootloader --location=mbr
# interface can be named as eth*
bootloader --location=mbr --append="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 rhgb quiet"
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart
# or
# # create 1MB biosboot type partition, centos7 and centos8 .
# part biosboot --fstype=biosboot --size=1
# # Disk partitioning information
# part /boot --fstype=xfs --size=300
# part pv.122 --fstype="lvmpv" --grow
# volgroup VolGroup00 --pesize=16384 pv.122
# logvol / --fstype="xfs" --size=10000 --name=LogVol00 --vgname=VolGroup00
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
$yum_repo_stanza
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# Reboot after installation
reboot
%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%packages
$SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')
# if you need puppet to install pkgs, just uncomment it
# $SNIPPET('puppet_install_if_enabled')
@core
@base
tree
nmap
wget
telnet
%end
%post --nochroot
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot')
%end
%post
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')
# Start yum configuration
$yum_config_stanza
# End yum configuration
$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')
$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('puppet_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('download_config_files')
$SNIPPET('koan_environment')
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')
# Enable post-install boot notification
$SNIPPET('post_anamon')
# Start final steps
$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')
# End final steps
```
## 验证
---------------
[1]: http://cobbler.github.io
[2]: https://cobbler.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
[3]: https://bashtheshell.com/guide/setting-up-pxe-boot-server-on-raspberry-pi/
[4]: http://wiki.inford.net/使用树莓派3构建PXE服务器自动安装操作系统

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@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
# 树莓派安装使用 # 树莓派安装使用
## linux下 安装 ## 安装
- 命令行
``` bash ``` bash
df -h # 查看已有硬盘 df -h # 查看已有硬盘
@ -8,28 +10,97 @@ df -h # 查看已有硬盘
df -h # 查看新增磁盘 df -h # 查看新增磁盘
fdisk /dev/sdx # 删除增加分区 fdisk /dev/sdx # 删除增加分区
dd bs=4M if=2017-11-29-raspbian-stretch.img of=/dev/sdX # 写入镜像 dd bs=4M if=2020-05-27-raspios-buster-armhf.img of=/dev/sdX # 写入镜像
sudo watch -n 5 pkill -USR1 ^dd$ # 查看dd进程 sudo watch -n 5 pkill -USR1 ^dd$ # 查看dd进程
``` ```
- 客户端
Raspberry 有推出一款制作启动器的客户端比较简洁美观支持Linux、Mac、Windows. [下载地址][https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/]
可以在线下载制作,也可以用本地镜像(Use custom)
![](https://public.veypi.com/img/screenshot/20200712001917.png)
![image-20200712002720911](https://public.veypi.com/img/screenshot/20200712002720.png)
## 开启ssh
sdk写入镜像后插入树莓派通电3分钟等待系统初始化完成拔出sdk 在根目录创建 ssh 文件,无须写入信息
## 换源 ## 换源
```bash ```bash
$ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list # 编辑 `/etc/apt/sources.list` 文件,删除原文件所有内容,用以下内容取代:
#注释掉原文件内容,用以下内容取代: deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberry-pi-os/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib rpi
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberry-pi-os/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib rpi
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi # 编辑 `/etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list` 文件,删除原文件所有内容,用以下内容取代:
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ buster main ui
```
#使用管理员权限经由sudo编辑/etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list文件。参考命令行为
$ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list
#注释掉原文件内容,用以下内容取代: ## zsh
```bash
sudo apt install zsh
sudo curl -L https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh | sh
chsh -s /bin/zsh
```
## 代理
```bash
# raspberry 很多时候需要在命令行上访问外面的世界,可以临时用自己笔记本的, 没必要去重新搭建配置
# vpn 是自己笔记本/主机 ip 地址, 端口是自己设置的特殊软件端口
export http_proxy=http://vpn:1087;export https_proxy=http://vpn:1087;
```
## 静态ip
```bash
# /etc/dhcpcd.conf
interface eth0
static ip_address=192.168.0.2/24
#static ip6_address=fd51:42f8:caae:d92e::ff/64
static routers=192.168.0.1
static domain_name_servers=223.5.5.5 114.114.114.114
```
## 配置wifi
```bash
# 先设置wlan country, 不设置无法启动无线网卡,所有启动操作都会提示 RTNETLINK answers: Operation not possible due to RF-kill
# 选择 4 4
sudo raspi-config
# 查找ssid
sudo iwlist wlan0 scan
sudo vim /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
# 添加配置
network={
ssid="testing"
psk="testingPassword"
}
# 重启
sudo wpa_cli -i wlan0 reconfigure
```
------------------------
[1]: https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/wireless/wireless-cli.md
deb http://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ stretch main ui
deb-src http://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ stretch main ui
```