591 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
591 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
# 树莓派 配置 cobbler
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[TOC]
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## 安装
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```bash
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# 源码安装
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sudo apt install git make python-dev python-setuptools python-cheetah openssl
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sudo apt install createrepo apache2 python-cheetah python-netaddr python-simplejson python-urlgrabber python-yaml rsync yum-utils libapache2-mod-wsgi xinetd tftpd tftp python-django
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sudo a2enmod proxy
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sudo a2enmod proxy_http
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sudo a2enmod rewrite
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sudo a2ensite cobbler.conf
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sudo apt install make git python3-yaml python3-cheetah python3-netaddr python3-simplejson python3-future python3-distro python3-setuptools python3-sphinx python3-coverage pyflakes3 python3-pycodestyle python3-django
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git clone https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler.git
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cd cobbler
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git checkout release28
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```
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本来Google的方案需要从源码安装，但是尝试了下apt， 发现有现成的包，~~所以简单太多了~~ 版本太老，有额外的问题要处理.
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```bash
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sudo apt install cobbler cobbler-web xinetd
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# 安装过程中会让输密码
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# 该包是2.6.6版本 有点老，现在来说有好几个bug
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# cobbler-web 有bug， 不兼容新的
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sudo pip install Django==1.8.9
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```
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```bash
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# 结果输出
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Setting up liblwp-protocol-https-perl (6.07-2) ...
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Setting up debmirror (1:2.32) ...
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Setting up cobbler (2.6.6+dfsg1-13) ...
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Considering dependency proxy for proxy_http:
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Enabling module proxy.
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Enabling module proxy_http.
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To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
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systemctl restart apache2
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Module wsgi already enabled
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Enabling module rewrite.
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To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
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systemctl restart apache2
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ERROR: Module python does not exist!
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Enabling site cobbler.
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To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
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systemctl reload apache2
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Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobbler.service → /lib/systemd/system/cobbler.service.
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# 在重启前需要配置cobbler
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```
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## 配置
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```bash
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# 配置文件 /etc/cobbler/settings
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# 自动化部署系统的密码的哈希, 用下行命令生成
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# openssl passwd -1
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# $1$j9.kasLF$4v5dJWXMDUmxYTXO9qPiG.
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# 密文第一项 1 指hash方式， 第二项 j9.kasLF 指的salt，这样子用以系统判断密码是否正确但是又不存储密码，密码和salt都相同时才能计算出唯一的密文
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default_password_crypted: "$1$j9.kasLF$4v5dJWXMDUmxYTXO9qPiG."
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# 设置cobbler的ip， 不要设置0.0.0.0，设置一个不隔离广播域的内网ip
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server: 192.168.1.2
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# 设置的tftp ip，用于下载镜像，通常与上一个一样
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next_server: 192.168.1.2
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# 是否开启DHCP，0不开启 1开启
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# 为了启动 pxe， 需要开启dhcp分发地址 并引导系统 到tftp server下载网络启动文件
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manage_dhcp: 1
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```
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```bash
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# 配置DHCP /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
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# 不要修改 next-server 项，该配置会自动从上面拉取变量
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# 不要修改 #for dhcp_tag in $dhcp_tags.keys(): 这一行之后的内容
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subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
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option routers 192.168.1.1;
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option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8;
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option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
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filename "/pxelinux.0";
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default-lease-time 2.8.0;
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max-lease-time 43200;
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next-server $next_server;
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}
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# 树莓派版本用的dnsmasq，所以改这个
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# 配置DHCP /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template
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```
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cobbler 会将 镜像存储到 /var/lib/cobbler/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/下， 注意容量和权限
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```bash
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sudo systemctl enable cobbler
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sudo systemctl start cobbler
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# 检测 会提示一些操作， 根据需要去做
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sudo cobbler check
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sudo cobbler sync
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# 会发现该指令报错 缺pxelinux.0等一批loaders
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```
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Raspberry 安装syslinux
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```bash
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scp CentOS-8.2.2004-x86_64-dvd1.iso pi@x.x.x.x:/home/pi/
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ssh pi@x.x.x.x
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sudo mount -o loop ~/CentOS-8.2.2004-x86_64-dvd1.iso /media/
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sudo cp /media/BaseOS/Packages/syslinux-nonlinux-6.04-4.el8.noarch.rpm /tmp
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sudo apt install rpm2cpio
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sudo rpm2cpio /tmp/syslinux-nonlinux-6.04-4.el8.noarch.rpm | cpio -idmv
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sudo cp /tmp/usr/share/syslinux/* /usr/lib/syslinux/
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sudo umount /media
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# 现在正常
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sudo cobbler sync
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```
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## 导入镜像
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```bash
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# http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos 下载镜像， 下载minimal版方便测试
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sudo mkdir /mnt/centos_mini
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sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop,ro ~/CentOS-8.2.2004-x86_64-dvd1.iso /mnt/centos_mini
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sudo cobbler import --name=centos8-mini --arch=x86_64 --path=/mnt/centos_mini
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# 出现这个问题
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task started: 2020-07-12_041754_import
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task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Jul 12 04:17:54 2020)
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No signature matched in /var/lib/cobbler/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos8-x86_64
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!!! TASK FAILED !!!
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# 使用该指令之后再导入一次
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sudo cobbler signature update
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sudo cobbler import --name=centos8-mini --arch=x86_64 --path=/mnt/centos_mini
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# 出现这个问题
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Exception occured: <type 'exceptions.KeyError'>
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Exception value: 'default_kickstart'
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Exception Info:
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 87, in run
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rc = self._run(self)
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 231, in runner
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self.logger
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/api.py", line 938, in import_tree
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return import_module.run(path,mirror_name,network_root,kickstart_file,arch,breed,os_version)
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py", line 132, in run
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self.signature = self.scan_signatures()
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py", line 192, in scan_signatures
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self.kickstart_file = sigdata["breeds"][breed][version]["default_kickstart"]
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# 找到 distro_signatures 文件， 替换 default_autoinstall 为 default_kickstart
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sudo vim /var/lib/cobbler/distro_signatures.json
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:%s/default_autoinstall/default_kickstart/
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sudo cobbler import --name=centos8-mini --arch=x86_64 --path=/mnt/centos_mini
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## 出现错误
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creating new profile: cobbler-centos8-x86_64
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Exception occured: <class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>
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Exception value: 'kickstart not found: None'
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Exception Info:
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 87, in run
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rc = self._run(self)
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 231, in runner
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self.logger
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/api.py", line 938, in import_tree
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return import_module.run(path,mirror_name,network_root,kickstart_file,arch,breed,os_version)
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py", line 140, in run
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os.path.walk(self.path, self.distro_adder, distros_added)
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/posixpath.py", line 239, in walk
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walk(name, func, arg)
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/posixpath.py", line 239, in walk
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walk(name, func, arg)
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/posixpath.py", line 231, in walk
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func(arg, top, names)
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py", line 255, in distro_adder
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adtls.append(self.add_entry(dirname,kernel,initrd))
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py", line 349, in add_entry
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profile.set_kickstart(self.kickstart_file)
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/item_profile.py", line 211, in set_kickstart
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raise CX(_("kickstart not found: %s") % kickstart)
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!!! TASK FAILED !!!
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# 尝试查询distro， 发现centos已经导入，但是没有profile
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sudo cobbler distro list
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# 返回
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# cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
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sudo cobbler profile list
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# 没有返回任何profile，中间出现了错误 导入distro成功但配置profile失败
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# 手动删除 distro
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sudo cobbler distro remove --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
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# 现在我们检查到底出什么错
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sudo vim /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/item_profile.py
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# 211行 如下图所示 修改，打印出到底是什么
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# 重新导入 输出为
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creating new profile: cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
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Exception occured: <class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>
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Exception value: 'kickstart not found: sample.ks'
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Exception Info:
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 87, in run
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rc = self._run(self)
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.......
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/item_profile.py", line 212, in set_kickstart
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raise CX(_("kickstart not found: %s") % temp)
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!!! TASK FAILED !!!
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# 看来是sample.ks 未找到
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# find_kickstart() 函数为
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def find_kickstart(url):
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"""
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Check if a kickstart url looks like an http, ftp, nfs or local path.
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If a local path is used, cobbler will copy the kickstart and serve
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it over http.
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Return None if the url format does not look valid.
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"""
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if url is None:
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return None
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x = url.lstrip()
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for y in ["http://", "nfs://", "ftp://", "/"]:
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# make sure we get a lower-case protocol without
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# affecting the rest of the string
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x = re.sub(r"(?i)%s" % y, y, x, count=1)
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if x.startswith(y):
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if x.startswith("/") and not os.path.isfile(x):
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return None
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return x
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return None
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# 明显输入为'sample.ks'时输出为None， 推测是未给url加绝对路径，文件在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks
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# /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/modules/manage_import_signatures.py: 192 直接读取并没有添加，所以需要我们自己手动添加
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sudo vim /var/lib/cobbler/distro_signatures.json
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:%s/sample.ks/\/var\/lib\/cobbler\/kickstarts\/sample.ks/
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# 重新导入， 一次成功
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sudo cobbler import --name=centos8-mini --arch=x86_64 --path=/mnt/centos_mini
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# 输出
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➜ test sudo cobbler distro list
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cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
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➜ test sudo cobbler profile list
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cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
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➜ test sudo cobbler distro report --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
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Name : cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
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Architecture : x86_64
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TFTP Boot Files : {}
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Breed : redhat
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Comment :
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Fetchable Files : {}
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Initrd : /var/lib/cobbler/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos8-mini-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
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Kernel : /var/lib/cobbler/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos8-mini-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
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Kernel Options : {}
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Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
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Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64'}
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Management Classes : []
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OS Version : rhel8
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Owners : ['admin']
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Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
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Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
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Template Files : {}
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➜ test sudo cobbler profile report --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
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Name : cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
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TFTP Boot Files : {}
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Comment :
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DHCP Tag : default
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Distribution : cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64
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Enable gPXE? : 0
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Enable PXE Menu? : 1
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Fetchable Files : {}
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Kernel Options : {}
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Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
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Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks
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Kickstart Metadata : {}
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Management Classes : []
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Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
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Name Servers : []
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Name Servers Search Path : []
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Owners : ['admin']
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Parent Profile :
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Internal proxy :
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Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
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Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
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Repos : []
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Server Override : <<inherit>>
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Template Files : {}
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Virt Auto Boot : 1
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Virt Bridge : virbr0
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Virt CPUs : 1
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Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
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Virt File Size(GB) : 5
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Virt Path :
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Virt RAM (MB) : 512
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Virt Type : kvm
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```
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修改centos用的kickstart文件
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```bash
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cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
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sudo cp sample.ks centos8.ks
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sudo cobbler profile edit --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos8.ks
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# 验证
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sudo cobbler profile report --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64 | grep kickstart
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# 同步
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sudo cobbler sync
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```
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## Centos8.ks
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```bash
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#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
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#os=centos8
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# Install OS instead of upgrade
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install
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# Use text mode install
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text
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# System keyboard
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keyboard us
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# System language
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lang en_US
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# System timezone
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timezone Asia/ShangHai
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# System authorization information
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# centos8 已经将authconfig 更新为authselect
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# auth --useshadow --enablemd5
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authselect --enableshadow --passlgo=sha512
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#Root password
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rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
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# Firewall configuration
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firewall --disabled
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# SELinux configuration
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selinux --disabled
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# Use network installation
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url --url=$tree
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# Clear the Master Boot Record
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zerombr
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# System bootloader configuration
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# bootloader --location=mbr
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# interface can be named as eth*
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bootloader --location=mbr --append="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 rhgb quiet"
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# Partition clearing information
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clearpart --all --initlabel
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# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
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autopart
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# or
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# # create 1MB biosboot type partition, centos7 and centos8 .
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# part biosboot --fstype=biosboot --size=1
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# # Disk partitioning information
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# part /boot --fstype=xfs --size=300
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# part pv.122 --fstype="lvmpv" --grow
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# volgroup VolGroup00 --pesize=16384 pv.122
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# logvol / --fstype="xfs" --size=10000 --name=LogVol00 --vgname=VolGroup00
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# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
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$yum_repo_stanza
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# add repo manually
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# repo --name="AppStream" --baseurl=file:///run/install/repo/AppStream
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# Network information
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$SNIPPET('network_config')
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# Do not configure the X Window System
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skipx
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# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
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firstboot --disable
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# Reboot after installation
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reboot
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%pre
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$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
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$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
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$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
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# Enable installation monitoring
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$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
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%end
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%packages
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$SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')
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# if you need puppet to install pkgs, just uncomment it
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# $SNIPPET('puppet_install_if_enabled')
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@core
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@base
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tree
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nmap
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wget
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telnet
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%end
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%post --nochroot
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$SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot')
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%end
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%post
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$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')
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# Start yum configuration
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$yum_config_stanza
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# End yum configuration
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$('post_install_kernel_options')
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$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
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$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')
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$SNIPPET('puppet_register_if_enabled')
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$SNIPPET('download_config_files')
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$SNIPPET('koan_environment')
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$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
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$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')
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# Enable post-install boot notification
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$SNIPPET('post_anamon')
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# Start final steps
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$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')
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# End final steps
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%end
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```
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||
|
||
## 验证
|
||
|
||
- failed to load ldlinux.c32
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/ldlinux.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/tftp/
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- Failed to load libutil.c32 failed to load COM32 file menu.c32
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/libutil.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/tftp/
|
||
sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/tftp/
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 暂时成功
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
- failed to fetch kickstart from http://.../cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_x64
|
||
|
||
dracut-initqueue[944]: Warning: dracut-initqueue timeout
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 又是版本不对应的锅
|
||
# apache2 升级到2.4之后之前的的配置不能通过授权
|
||
sudo vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
|
||
|
||
<Directory />
|
||
Options FollowSymLinks
|
||
AllowOverride None
|
||
#Require all denied
|
||
Require all granted
|
||
</Directory>
|
||
|
||
# 查看日志有错误
|
||
Tue Jul 14 08:18:54 2020 - INFO | Exception occured: <class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>
|
||
Tue Jul 14 08:18:54 2020 - INFO | Exception value: 'Error templating file, check cobbler.log for more details'
|
||
Tue Jul 14 08:18:54 2020 - INFO | Exception Info:
|
||
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 1062, in generate_kickstart
|
||
return self.api.generate_kickstart(profile,system)
|
||
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/api.py", line 696, in generate_kickstart
|
||
return self.kickgen.generate_kickstart_for_profile(profile)
|
||
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/kickgen.py", line 312, in generate_kickstart_for_profile
|
||
return self.generate_kickstart(profile=g)
|
||
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/kickgen.py", line 290, in generate_kickstart
|
||
data = self.templar.render(raw_data, meta, None, obj)
|
||
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/templar.py", line 116, in render
|
||
data_out = self.render_cheetah(raw_data, search_table, subject)
|
||
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/templar.py", line 215, in render_cheetah
|
||
raise CX("Error templating file, check cobbler.log for more details")
|
||
|
||
# 修改该文件37行
|
||
sudo vim /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cobbler/templar.py
|
||
# 改为： fix_cheetah_class = (int(major), int(minor), int(release)) >= (2, 4, 2)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 系统安装中出现一些异常
|
||
|
||
pykickstart.errors.KickstartError: /usr/sbin/authconfig is missing
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 该问题是centos 8 没有authconfig指令了，更新为了 authselect
|
||
# 更改ks文件，将auth 行 换成authselect
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
- missing packages: 配置本地源即可解决
|
||
-
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
- sbin/dmsquash-live-root: line 273: write error: No space left on device
|
||
|
||
确保虚拟机有至少2g内存
|
||
|
||
- pyanaconda.payload.PayloadError: Payload error - DNF installation has ended up abruptly: No available modular metadata for modular package Traceback
|
||
|
||
Dnf.exceptions.Error: No available modular metadata for modular package
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 配置 centos8 本地源
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo apt install yum-utils
|
||
# 添加
|
||
|
||
sudo cobbler repo add --name=Centos8-BaseOS --mirror=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/ --arch=x86_64 --breed=yum
|
||
sudo cobbler repo add --name=Centos8-AppStream --mirror=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/ --arch=x86_64 --breed=yum
|
||
|
||
sudo cobbler repo add --name=Centos8-extras --mirror=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/ --arch=x86_64 --breed=yum
|
||
sudo cobbler repo add --name=Centos8-Epel --mirror=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/8/Everything/x86_64/ --arch=x86_64 --breed=yum
|
||
|
||
sudo cobbler repo add --name=Centos8-Openstack-ussuri --mirror=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8.2.2004/cloud/x86_64/openstack-ussuri/ --arch=x86_64 --breed=yum
|
||
|
||
# 查看
|
||
sudo cobbler repo list
|
||
|
||
# 同步
|
||
# 需要 sudo apt install yum-utils, 安装完后重启cobbler
|
||
# 存储在 /var/lib/cobbler/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/
|
||
sudo cobbler reposync
|
||
sudo cobbler profile edit --name=cobbler-centos8-mini-x86_64 --repos='Centos8-BaseOS Centos8-AppStream Centos8-extras Centos8-Epel Centos8-Openstack-ussuri'
|
||
# 或者手动在ks文件里添加
|
||
# repo --name="BaseOS" --baseurl=http://192.168.10.50/cblr/repo_mirror/Centos8-BaseOS/
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
---------------
|
||
|
||
[1]: http://cobbler.github.io
|
||
[2]: https://cobbler.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
|
||
[3]: https://bashtheshell.com/guide/setting-up-pxe-boot-server-on-raspberry-pi/
|
||
[4]: http://wiki.inford.net/使用树莓派3构建PXE服务器自动安装操作系统
|
||
[5]: https://blog.51cto.com/dyc2005/2130240
|
||
[6]: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/rhel-centos-8-kickstart-example-generator/
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|